Map of the Shiba area in Edo, ca. 1852
Map of the area around the future location of the embassy (江戸切絵図・芝愛宕下絵図), ca. 1852 (Kaei 5). The flag marks the future location of the Dutch legation.

研究ノート
江戸・東京のデータ

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DATA FOR EDO-TOKYO : INTRODUCTION

This page features the raw research notes made during the research stage. The notes are incomplete and may contain initial errors in understanding that were corrected in the final text. They are nonetheless helpful for further study. The data on this page is not shown in the printed book.

IMPORTANT: Not all raw data discovered is displayed on this website. There is more data in my personal notes.

EDO-TOKYO LOCATIONS

These are the known locations of the Consulate in Tokyo. The years are mostly (but not exclusively) based on the publication years of the Japan Directory, the Yellow Pages, etc., so they need to be checked more carefully. They generally run one year behind.

01 YEAR? – YEAR? (# years?) Address (and notes)

Dutch Diplomats at current location in Tokyo

1881–1889 Joannes Jacobus van der Pot
1890–1895 Count Dmitri Louis van Bylandt
1896–1901 Hannibal Casimir Johannes Testa
1901–1905 Baron Arthur Martin Désiré Sweerts de Landas Wyborgh
1905–1908 John Loudon
1908–1913 Jan Herman van Roijen
1914–1918 Baron Dirk van Asbeck
1919–1923 Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff
1923–1941 Jean Charles Pabst
1946–1948 Wybrandus Schilling
1948–1951 Hendrik Mouw
1951–1954 Petrus Ephrem Teppema
1953–1959 Otto Reuchlin
1960–1964 Nicolaas Arie Johannes de Voogd
1965–1967 Robert Hans van Gulik
1969-1971 Johan Quirijn Bas Backer
1971–1975 Theodore Paul Bergsma
1975–1978 Carl Dietrich Barkman
1978–1983 Johan Kaufmann
1983–1986 Louis Joachim Goedhart
1986-1992 Herman Christiaan Posthumus Meyjes
1992–1995 Roland van den Berg
1995–2001 Frans Paul Robert van Nouhuys
2001–2005 Egbert Frederik Jacobs
2005–2008 Alphons Clemens Maria Hamer
2008–2012 Philip de Heer
2012–2015 Radinck Jan van Vollenhoven
2015–2019 Aart Jacobi
2019–2023 Peter van der Vliet
2023–2024 Theo Peters (Chargé d'affaires ad interim)
2024– Gilles Beschoor Plug

DRAFT

  • Shinpukuji Temple, Minato-ku (1858) (Note: more info)
  • Saioji Temple, Minato-ku (1859) (Note: more info)
  • Chooji Temple, Minato-ku (1859~1870) (Note: more info)
  • Tsukiji Foreign Settlement, Chuo-ku (1868)
  • Shiba-koen, Minato-ku (1886 OR 1887~Present)

Saioji (西應寺)

Address: 2-25-6 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0014.

Shinpukuji (別院真福寺) — about six months from March 1858 (Ansei 5). The temple was destroyed by the Great Kanto earthquake of 1923 (Taisho 12).
Address: 1-3 Atago, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0002.

CURRENT EMBASSY LOCATION

History of the current location of the embassy according to From Trading Post to Embassy: Dutch Envoys in Japan. Press and Cultural Section, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Tokyo, 1991.

  1. 1883, March — Embassy grounds leased from the Japanese government (is this date correct?)
  2. 1923, September 1 — Wooden building housing the Legation burns down after the Great Kanto Earthquake
  3. 1928 — New official residence completed, designed by American architect James M. Gardiner (who designed the famous Nikko Shinko Church) and the Japanese architect K. Kambayashi
  4. 1952, April 28 — The Legation becomes an Embassy
  5. 1963, April — Additional office wing is opened by H.R.H Princess Beatrix (search for photos!)
  6. Late seventies — The office wing becomes too small, plans are made for the construction of a new chancery, separate from official residence. The conditions are formulated as follows: “The location for the building is uniquely placed in bustling Tokyo. The Embassy compound is considered a cultural monument: with its Japanese garden its is a haven of tranquility in this metropolis. The location for the new building us subordinate to that of the official residence. The building to be constructed and its infrastructure will have to be given an identity within this context, in harmony with the surroundings and not interfering with the monumental and dignified official residence built by Gardiner in 1928.”
  7. 1990, spring — Construction of a fan shaped building designed by Dutch architect Hans van Os and reminiscent of Dejima, starts. The landscaping, based on the shape of a ginkgo leaf, was done by Karin Daan. The grounds are dominated by old ginkgo trees.
  8. 1991, October 22 — Her Majesty Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands opens the new office.
  9. When? — The old office wing adjoining the official residence is torn down.
  10. 2006/2007 — Land purchase. How much, where, why?

NOTES

  1. Pertinent document from the MOF Archives.
  2. Research on Saioiji by Bas Valckx: Het bord voor de huidige tempel waarop de link met NL staat vermeldt, is gebaseerd op het boekje: 幕末の外交史跡、港区の文化財・第1集, 1964. Ik heb dit boekje opgezocht in de Minato-ku bibliotheek en gekopieerd. De belangrijkste stukken uit de geschiedenis over Saioji (uit dit boekje): Met het afsluiten van het Verdrag van Vriendschap en Handel tussen Nederland en Japan Ansei op 18 augustus 1858, wordt de Nederlandse legatie vanaf het volgende jaar (29 september 1859 gaat verdrag in) in Edo gevestigd en wordt de Saioji in gebruik genomen. Er werd een schrijfkamer en opslag op de 2e verdieping gebruikt als/door de legatie. Donker Curtius verbleef hier (BV: vraag is hoe vaak en hoe lang…hij was voornamelijk in Nagasaki). In juni 1861 staat er genoteerd (BV: waar?) dat er 85 ryo voor het accomoderen van buitenlanders, 153 ryo voor andere (kostenposten), en dat de schrijfkamer en opslag werden gerepareerd (BV: dit kan ook als afrekening na het gebruik zijn, zoals bij Shinpukuji ook vermeldt staat.). Graaf Elegin verbleef met zijn delegatie in Saioji vanaf 16 augustus 1858.
  3. Op 19 januari 1868 brandt de Saioji volledig uit agv de schermutselingen rond de aanval op de residentie van de Satsuma clan (die naast de tempel lag.
    Hierbij zijn alle archieven omtrent de NLe legatie verbrand en zijn alle bekende feiten via andere bronnen boven gekomen (BV: welke bronnen). Actie: check het NL-JP vriendschap en handel op comments over het in gebruik nemen van Saioji als legatie.
  4. Chooji: In hetzelfde boekje staat onder het hoofdstuk over Cho’oji, dat met het verdrag het verblijf van diplomaten in Edo werd toegestaan en dat daarmee Cho’oji in gebruik werd genomen. De hoofdstukken in het boekje zijn door verschillende onderzoekers geschreven. (uit Bakumatsu, 2008, pag 106) De Duitse diplomaat Rudolf Lindau (1829-1910) die de eerste Zwitserse delegatie naar Japan leidde en vanaf september 1861 in Japan verbleef, schreef over de NL vertegenwoordiger de Wit die in de kleine tempel Chooji verbleef bijna als een gevangene en er daarom de voorkeur aan gaf om het grootste gedeelte van de tijd in Yokohama en Nagasaki te verblijven.
  5. In 1863 laat Polsbroek aan Japanse regering weten dat hij in Chooji gaat wonen (Bakumatsu, 2008). “On 6 February 1864, penultimate day of the Japanese year, I found myself for the second time in Edo, where the Dutch corvette of Captain Van Rees, ‘Djambi’, had brought me to proceed, together with the Tycoon’s representatives, to the signing of the treaty with Switzerland. In addition to the members of the mission a few friends attended the ceremony, including the Dutch representative Mr de Polbroek and Captain Le Couriault du Quilio, commander of the flagship of the French fleet, ‘Sémiramis’. The Tjoôdji was as full as an alpine hotel on a beautiful summer’s evening, the weather magnificent and the company in an excellent frame of mind.” 37 In 1863, the Netherlands had transferred the consulate general from Nagasaki to Yokohama. In Edo it had the Chōōji temple (長応寺, ill. 4) on the Isara-ko hill (Tokyo, district of Shinagawa) at its disposal for the legation. This was used for the negotiation of treaties between the shogunate and European countries like Switzerland, Belgium, and Denmark. As the prevailing tensions at the time offered no guarantee of safety, Humbert went only twice to Edo and to Chōōji, although he seemed to especially appreciate these places: “The garden pond is fed by water seeping from a grotto half hidden
    by vegetation behind the living room. Next to the grotto one can see a niche and a Buddhist statue in front of which is a small altar. Nothing could be
    more peaceful than this pious solitude. Generally speaking, our first impression is one of delight. One would like to spend the summer in this refreshing and peaceful retreat, just as at home in Switzerland one withdraws to the mountains.” 38 The temple, which was tied to the Tokugawa dynasty, was dedicated to the soul of the first concubine of Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu.39 This rich and privileged temple declined during the Meiji restoration and was removed to the most remote outskirts of Japan at Horonobe in the north-west of Hokkaido. The Dutch Embassy is still located on the hill formerly occupied by the Chōōji temple.(BV: dit laatste is natuurlijk een flinke fout in het verhaal…). Bovenstaande quote uit boekje Zwitserse ambassade in Tokio (2016), opmerkingen Humbert alsmede afbeeldingen van Chooji te vinden in Le Japon Illustre, 1870. Engelse versie van dit boek uit 1874: Japan and the Japanese Illustrated by Aime Humbert, 1874, edited by H.W. Bates.
  6. Even though Chooji was the official legation, De Graeff van Polsbroek generally lived and worked at the legation in Yokohama. He only irregularly and briefly visited Edo for discussions with Japanese officials. His contact with his fellow diplomats took place in Yokohama. I have been able to find several sources that collaborate this.
  7. Description of Chooji: “The garden pond is fed by water seeping from a grotto half hidden by vegetation behind the living room. Next to the grotto one can see a niche and a Buddhist statue in front of which is a small altar. Nothing could be more peaceful than this pious solitude. Generally speaking, our first impression is one of delight. One would like to spend the summer in this refreshing and peaceful retreat, just as at home in Switzerland one withdraws to the mountains.” Swiss diplomat Aimé Humbert in 1864. Source: 150 Years of Diplomatic Relations between Switzerland and Japan.
  8. In 1866, De Graef van Polsbroek lived in Chooji: “’s Avonds kwamen wij aan bij den Hollandschen Consul Generaal, waar wij onzen intrek hebben genomen.” Source: Leraar onder de Japanners, Page 66 “Edo, September 9, 1866”. But in October 1866 (page 68), Gratama also writes about the hospitality of De Graeff van Polsbroek in Yokohama…
  9. Research by Else Bemers: Het gezantschapsgebouw was deel van een nalatenschap van de heer van der Pot. De heer Ferdinand van der Plate, was beheerder van die nalatenschap. (brief 26-03-1917, pagina 3). In die hoedanigheid verkocht hij namens de erfgename (Johanna Y. van der Pot) de gezantschapsgebouwen no. 1 (Shiba Kiri) aan de Nederlandse overheid op 12-02-1916.  (verkoopakte 12-02-1916). Op 21-06-1916 verkoopt gezantschapsraad Johannes Antonius van de Polder no. 2 (Shiba Kiridoshi) aan de Nederlandse overheid (verkoopakte 21-06-1916). Andere adressen dan de twee hier genoemde kwam ik niet tegen.
  10. Uit de dossiers werd wel duidelijk dat de gebouwen weinig bespaard bleef. Na de aankoop werd gerenoveerd en uitgebreid, was er in 1923 de aardbeving, daarna volgde een brand, waarop een nieuw hoofdgebouw met kanselarij werd gebouwd, in 1924 dreigde verzakking, zware regenval eiste zijn tol en zo volgde een ‘aardstorting’. Gezant Pabst leefde in gebouw no. 2, en in 1917 bevond zich de kanselarij in de gezantschapswoning. Toen een nieuw gezantschap gebouwd moest worden in 1923 werden regelmatig overzichten van de uitgaven opgesteld, ik heb daarvan een enkel exemplaar gefotografeerd als voorbeeld. Uit  correspondentie van november 1928 blijkt dat de firma Shimizu-Gumi Company vermoedelijk foto’s heeft genomen van het in- en exterieur van het gezantschap. Misschien dat jullie via dit bedrijf ook foto’s uit die tijd kunnen bemachtigen. Ik krijg de indruk dat tijdens herstel, uitbreiding etc. van de gebouwen, het personeel verbleef in díe gebouwen op het gezantschapsterrein waar op dat moment niet werd gerenoveerd.
  11. A wooden Residence stood at the embassy through 1923. A new one was built on the same location in 1928 and still stands.
  12. In the 1927 contract with Shimizu for the construction of the Residence in Tokyo, Sakae is written as Sakaya.
  13. “Wij bezochten ook het Nederlandsche gezantschapsgebouw te Tokio. Het was in goede staat, en gedurende de oorlog goed verzorgd door het Zweedse gezantschap. Ik vond er talrijke gepakte koffers en kisten van de vroegere, overleden gezant, generaal Pabst, welke op vervoer naar Nederland wachtten. En ik liet een Nederlandse vlag hijsen, welwillend afgestaan door de gezagvoerder van het in Tokiobay liggende Nederlandse hospitaalschip Tjitjalengka.” 3 september 1945. pp 224, Memoires van C. E. L. Helfrich Luitenant-Admiraal b.d. Tweede Deel: Glorie en tragedie
    Elsevier 1950, Amsterdam/Brussel. Lieutenant Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich (1886–1962) of the Royal Netherlands Navy was a leading Dutch naval figure of World War II. On 2 September 1945, he signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender aboard the battleship USS Missouri on behalf of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The next day he visited the Dutch legation in Tokyo and raised the dutch flag there.
  14. Declaration of war Japan-Netherlands 1942
  15. In letter dated January 23, 1860 (NL-HaNA_2.05.10.08_29_0010 & NL-HaNA_2.05.10.08_29_0011), De Graeff van Polsbroek suggests that Consul General is located in Edo, and that a consul will take care of Nagasaki.
  16. June 16, 1870: Dutch legation informs government of Tokyo it no longer wishes to use Chooji (NL-HaNA_2.05.10.08_36_0206).
  17. March 15, 1861: Priest of Chooji requests that temple be returned because it has not been used by Dutch Consul-General for a long time, but his furniture is still there. (NL-HaNA_2.05.10.08_36_0147)
  18. Letter August 23, 1865 (NL-HaNA_2.05.01_3052_0113): “Ofschoon residerende te Kanagawa in het huis hetwelk ik vroeger als Consul bewoonde, ben ik verpligt mijne legatie in Jedo aan te houden, daar ik dikwerf genoodzaakt ben mij derwaarts te begeven. Die legatie is gemeubileerd en moet ik onderhouden, even goed als mijne woning alhier. De bedienden lonen en het onderhoud mijnen paarden bedragen maandelijks als volgt.
    Een Europesche hofmeester Itziboe 90
    twee Japanse koks Itziboe 50
    drie huisbedienden Itziboe 40
    drie poortwachters tevens nachtwacht Itziboe 30
    vijf bootslieden Itziboe 60
    twee staljongens Itziboe 20
    twee tuinlieden Itziboe 20
    twee timmerlieden Itziboe 36
    een waterdrager Itziboe 10
    Onderhoud van 2 paarden Itziboe 26
    Itziboe 382.—
    ad f1,20 = f458,40
    … anderdeels dacht ik dat wellicht spoedig ik mij te Jedo zouden kunnen vestigen, als wanneer maar een huishouden ter mijnen lasten zoude zijn, en ik derhalve goedkoper zoude kunnen leven.” De Graeff van Polsbroek also writes that he travels between Yokohama en Edo all the time.
  19. Here

QUESTIONS

  1. Exact dates for each location.
  2. For a brief history of the location in Shiba: Who lived here previously and when?
  3. Current photos of exterior and interior of all buildings.
  4. Descriptions/impressions of interior by people who visited, if available.
  5. A map from 1962 (Showa 37, see under IMAGES below) shows 7 individual buildings on the embassy grounds. However these “buildings” are not visible on aerial photographs taken in 1958 (see under IMAGES). Did the buildings on the map exist? If so, what was the function of each building? Can we find photographs of each? The new office wing was opened in April 1963. Is it already shown on this map?
  6. Photos and plans of the new office wing opened by H.R.H Princess Beatrix in April 1963.
  7. Photos and plans of the chancellery.
  8. We need information and photographs of the villa (known as House 2) used by the Minister Plenipotentiary. Currently, we only have aerial photos supplied by Tokyo Tower (see under IMAGES). But we don’t know when they were built and by whom, and we have no photographs and plans.
  9. What other buildings were there at the current location of the embassy? When were they built, destroyed, torn down? Illustrations and plans if available.

LOCATIONS BY YEAR

Locations and staff as published in Japan directories.

1864 — No Address D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Consul General | H.A. Woordhoek [sic], Assistant
1865 — No Address D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Consul General | H.A. Noordhoek Hegt, Secretary
1866 — No Address D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Consul General | H.A. Noordhoek Hegt, Secretary
1867 — No Address D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Consul-General and political agent | H.A. Noordhoek Hegt, secretary
1868 — Chooji Temple D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Consul General | L.T. Kleintjes, Chancellor at H.N.M. Legation, residence in Yeddo, Cho-oodgee and at Yokohama at Benten | De Wringer, assistant
1869 — Chooji Temple D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Minister Plenipotentiary | L.T. Kleintjes, Chancellor at H.N.M. Legation, residence in Yeddo, Cho-oodgee, Yokohama at Benten | De Wringer, assistant
1870 — No Entry No entry for Edo in the Japan Herald Directory and Hong List for Yokohama. For Yokohama: Legation: D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Minister Resident | L.T. Kleintjes, Secretary
1871 — No Address D. de Graeff van Polsbroek, Minister Plenipotentiary. | L.T. Kleintjes, Chancellor at H.N.M. Legation, residence in Yeddo | De Wringer, assistant
1872 — No Entry No entry for Edo in the "Japan Gazette," Hong List and Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: Chevalier F.P. van der Hoeven, Minister Resident | Kleintjes, Secretary (absent)
1873 — No Address Edo: F. P. van der Hoeven, Minister Resident | B. Donker Curtius, Secretary
1874 — No Address Edo: W.F.H. Von Weekherlin, Minister Resident | T.H.W. van der Brock, Secretary
1875 — No Entry No entry for Edo/Tokyo in the "Japan Gazette" Hong List and Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: W.F.H. Von Weckherlin, Minister Resident (also Sweden and Norway) | T.H.W. van der Brock, Secretary
1876 — No Entry No entry for Edo/Tokyo in the "Japan Gazette" Hong List and Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: W.F.H. von Weckherlin, Minister Resident (also Denmark, Sweden and Norway) | H. Donker Curtius
1877 — No Entry No entry for Edo/Tokyo in the "Japan Gazette" Hong List and Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: W.F.H. von Weckherlin, Minister Resident
1878 — No Entry No entry for Edo/Tokyo in the "Japan Gazette" Hong List and Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: W.F.H. von Weckherlin, Minister Resident (absent) | L. van de Polder, Acting Chancelier (listed as van der Polder in 1877 directory for Yokohama: foreign interpreter, saibansho, & 72, Bluff)
1879 — Koji-machi Legation: Sir. H.S. Parkes, K.C.B., Acting Minister | L. van de Polder, Acting Chancelier

The legation of Great Britain was located at Koji-machi, Tokyo. Parkes was Envoy Extraordinary, Minister Plenipotentiary and Consul-General.
1880 — No Address No entry for Tokyo in the Japan Directory. For Yokohama: Legation: Le Chevalier de Stoetwegen, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Chancelier
1881 — No Address Legation, Tokio: Ch. de Struve, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Chancelier

Interestingly, this ("Legation, Tokio") is listed under Yokohama, while the legations of Austro-Hungary, China, France, the German Empire, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, and the USA are listed under Tokio!
1882 — No Entry Yokohama: J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Secretaire and Interpreter
1883 — No Entry Yokohama: No. 245 Bluff: J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Secrétaire and Interpréte
1884 — No Entry Yokohama No. 244 Bluff: J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Secrétaire and Interpréte
1885 — No Entry Yokohama No. 244 Bluff: J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1886 — No Entry Yokohama No. 71 Bluff: J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | L. Van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1887 — Mixed Entry Yokohama No. 71A Bluff: J.J. van der Pot, Netherlands Minister Resident | Shiba, Tokyo: L. Van de Polder, Netherlands Legation
1888 — Kiridoshi, Shiba J.J. van der Pot, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1889 — Kiridoshi, Shiba J.J. van der Pot (absent), Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Chargé d'Affaires (ad interim), Secretary and Interpreter
1890 — Kiridoshi, Shiba J.J. van der Pot (absent), Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Chargé d'Affaires (ad interim), Secretary and Interpreter
1891 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1892 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1893 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1894 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1895 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1896 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Count D. de Bylandt, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1897 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1898 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1899 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Minister Resident, absent | Léon van de Polder, Charge d'Affaires, Secretary and Interpreter
1900 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Minister Resident | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1901 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1902 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer H. Testa, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1903 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron Sweerts de Landas Wyborg, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Secretary and Interpreter
1904 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron Sweerts de Landas Wyborg, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary
1905 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron Sweerts de Landas Wyborgh, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Elève Interprite de la Légation des Pays Bas
1906 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer J. Loudon (to arrive), Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary, Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Elève Interprite de la Légation des Pays Bas
1907 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer J. Loudon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Elève Interprite de la Légation des Pays Bas | R. Roosmale Nepveu, Attaché
1908 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jonkheer J. Loudon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Elève Interprite de la Légation des Pays Bas | R. Roosmale Nepveu, Attaché
1909 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, First Secretary, Charge d'Affaires a.i. | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Elève Interprite de la Légation des Pays Bas | Capt. H.L. Bense, Attaché Militaire
1910 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | Dr. M.W. de Visser, Secretary (absent) | Capt. H.L. Bense, Attaché Militaire
1911 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | Dr. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire
1912 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire | Jkr. W.H. de Beaufort, Attaché (absent in Kobe in charge of Consulate)
1913 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire | Jkr. W.H. de Beaufort, Attaché
1914 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba J.H. van Royen, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire
1915 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire
1916 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | G.L. Turkow, Second Secretary | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Major J.C. Pabst, Attaché Militaire | Capt. K.L. Rozendaal, Attaché Militaire
1917 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | G. L. Turkow, Second Secretary | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. K.L. Rozendaal, Attaché Militaire
1918 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Léon van de Polder, Councillor | Dr. J.B. Hubrecht, Attaché | R.E. Peelen, Interpreter | Capt. K.L. Rozendaal, Attaché Militaire | J.R. Dijkstra, Archivist
1919 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Dr. H. Wisha, Interpreter | Capt. K.L. Rozendaal, Attaché Militaire | J.R. Dijkstra, Archivist
1920 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Baron D. d'Asbeck, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | L.G. van Hoorn, Secretary | D. Biersteker, Interpreter | Capt. K.L. Rozendaal, Attaché Militaire | J.R. Dijkstra, Archivist
1921 — 1 Kiridoshi, Shiba Jhr. Dr. A.C.D. de Graeff, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | L.G. van Hoorn, Secretary | Capt. M. Boerstra, Attaché Militaire | Douglas Biersteker, Interpreter | J.M.W. Ochsendorf, Archivist
1922 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku Jhr. Dr. A.C.D. de Graeff, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | L.G. van Hoorn, Secretary | Capt. M. Boestra, Attaché Militaire | Dr. J. Flenstra Kniper & W.J. Sneller, Interpreters | J. Ebbinga Wubber, Archivist
1923 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku no name, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Dr. W.J.R. Thorbecke, Secretary | Dr. J. Flenstra Kniper & W.J. Sneller, Interpreters | Capt. M. Boustra (absent), Attaché Militaire | J. Ebbinga Wubben, Chancellor

Note: General J.C. Pabst was Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the time of the earthquake.
1924-1925 MISSING
1926 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku General J.C. Pabst, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | J.A.T. Band, 2nd Secretary | Dr. J. Feenstra Kuiper, J.B. Snellen & R.W. Besier, Interpreters | W.H. Wenniger, Chancelier
1927 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku General J.C. Pabst (absent), Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | Jonkheer Dr. E.G. de Serière, Chargé d'Affaires | J.B. Snellen & R.W. Besier, Interpreters | Jokr. W. Bode, Chancellor
1928 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku No names
1929 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku No names
1930–1935 MISSING
1936 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku H.E. General J.C. Pabst, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | W.C. Count van Rechteren Limpurg, Secretary
1937 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku H.E. General J.C. Pabst, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | J.H. van Royen, Secretary
1938 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku MISSING
1939 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku H.E. General J.C. Pabst, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | J.H. van Royen, Secretary
1940 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku MISSING
1941 — 1, Sakae-cho, Shiba-ku H.E. General J.C. Pabst, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary | J.H. van Royen, Secretary

IMAGES

『名所江戸百景』の『愛宕下藪小路』
26. 歌川広重(1797年~1858年)の錦絵『愛宕下藪小路』(『名所江戸百景』)。赤い門は真福寺の入り口。(歌川広重, 木版画, 紙にインク, 131004-0112.1-OS, MeijiShowa. 詳細.)
190103-0008-PP - Tokyo from Atago-yama
View on Tokyo from Atago-yama, 1890s.

Shinpukuji as seen from Atagoyama, ca. 1890s.

Chooji (長応寺) — 1859-1870

Address: 2−1−10 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074 (source).

1863年の江戸長応寺のオランダ公使館。
30. 1863年の江戸長応寺のオランダ公使館。(フェリーチェ・ベアト, 鶏卵紙, 1863, 6215, 長崎大学附属図書館. 一部改変.)
東京・築地のオランダ領事館。
71. 浮世絵師、一曜斎国輝による『東京築地鉄砲洲景(1869年)』。東京の外国人居留地にある築地ホテルが見える。ホテル近くのオランダ国旗が掲げられている場所がオランダ領事館。(一曜斎国輝, 木版画, 紙にインク, MeijiShowa. 詳細.)

Tokyo Tsukiji Teppouzu (東京築地鉄炮洲景), by Kuniteru Ichiyosai (一曜斎国輝), 1869 (Meiji 2), showing the Dutch flag near the Tsukiji Hotel in Tokyo’s foreign settlement. The text identifies the area as Odawara-machi.

The Dutch consulate was located in Tokyo’s Tsukiji Foreign Settlement (Minami-Odawara-machi 4-chome 2-banchi, in the former home of Amano Saburohei) in 1868.

MAPS

嘉永5年ごろ(1852年)の大使館建築予定地周辺の地図。
33. 嘉永5年ごろ(1852年)の大使館建築予定地周辺の地図。1. 将来の大使館建の場所。2. 増上寺。赤い場所は寺、家紋のついた土地は大名屋敷。明治初期に藩政が廃止された後、多くの大名は土地を売却。東京のこの地域に多くの外国大使館が置かれたのはこのためである。後にオランダ大使館となる敷地の家紋は、植村家のもの。(植村大蔵, 木版画, 紙にインク, 江戸切絵図, 芝愛宕下絵図, 211201-0026, MeijiShowa.)
1923年の東京のオランダ大使館周辺の地図。
1923年の東京のオランダ大使館周辺の地図。1. 大使館。2. 増上寺。3. 浜松駅。この地図が印刷されたのは10月1日で、関東大震災から1か月後であることから被害はまだ記録されていないようだ。(作者不詳, 東京近郊 其二, 1:20,000, Tokyo: 大日本帝国陸地測量部, 1923, 211201-0032, MeijiShowa.)
1962年の在日オランダ大使館周辺地図。
1962年の在日オランダ大使館周辺地図。1. 大使館。2. 東京タワー(1958年12月23日開業)。3. 増上寺。線から左は1962年当時の地図。線から右は1958年版の地図。公使館の新事務棟は1963年4月に開業。 (線の左側: 作者不詳, 三田, 1:10,000, Tokyo: 国土地理院 (GSI), 1962, 211205-0013, MeijiShowa. 線の右側: 作者不詳, 新橋, 1:10,000, Tokyo: 国土地理院 (GSI) 1958, 211205-0014, MeijiShowa.)

This map from 1962 (Showa 37) seems to show 8 individual buildings on the embassy grounds. However, the situation on the map does not seem to correspond with aerial photographs taken six years earlier (see below).

RESIDENCE, 1927–1928

Jichinsai of the Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1927
Jichinsai (地鎮祭, Shinto ground purification ceremony) of the Residence, 1927 (Showa 2). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Jichinsai of the Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1927
Minister Pabst at the Jichinsai (Shinto purification ceremony) for the new building, 1927 (Showa 2). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Jichinsai of the Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1927
Jichinsai (地鎮祭, Shinto ground purification ceremony) of the Residence, 1927 (Showa 2). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
東京、オランダ公使館本館正面図( 昭和3年)。
36. 昭和3年(1928年)、建築完成直後の公使館本館正面図。右側の増築部分が公使館事務局。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
東京、裏側から見たオランダ公使館本館( 昭和3年)。
37. 裏側から見た公使館本館。左奥に見えるのは使用人部屋。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
東京、オランダ公使館本館の2階へ上がる階段のある玄関ホール( 昭和3年)。
39. 2階へ上がる階段のある玄関ホール。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
東京、オランダ公使館本館の庭に面した部屋の南半分( 昭和3年)。
38. 庭に面した部屋の南半分。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
東京、オランダ公使館本館の庭に面した部屋の北半分( 昭和3年)。
40. 庭に面した部屋の北半分。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
東京、オランダ公使館本館の邸宅のダイニングルーム( 昭和3年)。
41. 邸宅のダイニングルーム。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 清水建設.)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3)
Residence of the Embassy of the Netherlands, Tokyo, 1928 (Showa 3). Courtesy Shimizu Corporation.

AERIAL PHOTOS, 1956

Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31)
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31): 1. Villa of the Embassy; 2. Shiba Water Station (芝水所); 3. Zojoji Temple; 4. Future location of Tokyo Tower; 5. Sakurada-dori Avenue. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31)
Detail of the above photo, showing the villa (known as House 2) where the Minister Plenipotentiary resided. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31)
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31): 1. Sakurada-dori Avenue; 2. Future location of Tokyo Tower; 3. Shiba Water Station (芝水所); 4. Villa of the Embassy; 5. Embassy residence; 6. School. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956
Detail of the above photo, showing the villa and the residence. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.
1956年のオランダ大使館付近の航空写真。
43. 1956年の大使館付近の航空写真。 1. 増上寺。2. 桜田通り。3.東京タワー建設予定地 。4. フリーメイソンビル。5. 芝給水所。6. 大使館の2号館。7. 大使館邸宅、公館事務局、職員および使用人宿舎(1号館)。(作者不詳, ゼラチン・シルバー・プリント (銀塩写真), 株式会社Tokyo Tower.)
1956年のオランダ大使館付近の航空写真。
詳細
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956 (Showa 31): 1. Residence; 2. Villa of the Embassy; 3. Shiba Water Station (芝水所); 4. Zojoji Temple; 5. Future location of Tokyo Tower; 6. Sakurada-dori Avenue. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.
Aerial photograph of the area around the embassy, 1956
Detail of the above photograph, showing the residence (1) and the villa (2) of the embassy. Courtesy Tokyo Tower.

NEWS AGENCY PHOTOGRAPHS

  1. Front view of the embassy in 1965 (Showa 40)
  2. Side view of of the embassy in 1965
  3. View of embassy and parking area in 1965
  4. Aerial view 1960
  5. Aerial view 1960
  6. Aerial view 1960
  7. Aerial view 1958

EXTRA

List of foreign representatives during the Bakumatsu period (page 35)
List of Daimyo and which temples they guarded (Page 38)

オランダなど使節宿館跡 (真福寺)

愛宕1-3-8

安政5年(1858)3月から6月まで、オ ランダ使節クルチウスが逗留したのが愛宕 山下の真福寺(慶長10年〈1605〉建立) です。クルチウスは長崎出島の商館長でも ありましたが、この時は領事官の肩書きを 持っていたため、幕府は市中の旅宿は適当 ではないと判断し、真福寺を宿所にあてま した。真福寺はこの辺りでは江戸城にもっ とも近い寺院で、門前の愛宕下通りを進め ば500mほどで城門(新シ橋)につきあた ります。クルチウスは日蘭修好通商条約が 締結される前にここを去りましたが、その 後も真福寺には修好通商条約を結ぶために 訪れたロシア使節プチャーチンやフランス 使節グローなどが滞在しました。Source

オランダ公館跡

高輪2-1-11 長応寺跡

オランダは江戸時代、徳川幕府の鎖国政 策の中にあって西欧諸国で唯一日本と交易 していた国です。オランダは修好通商条約 締結後、外交使節を江戸に置かず、江戸 時代以来の長崎出島を本拠としていまし たが、総領事が江戸に出府した時に利用 していたのがここ長応寺です。文久3年 (1863)に総領事を引き継いだポルスブ ルックは出島から横浜に本拠を移しました が、江戸の公館として長応寺を引き続き利 用しました。ポルスブルックはスイス、ベ ルギー、デンマークなどの国々と幕府の条 約締結を積極的に周旋したため、長応寺は これらの諸国と日本との外交交渉の舞台に もなりました。

日英修好通商条約締結の地・オランダ公使宿跡 (西應寺)

芝2-25-6

安政5年(1858)7月8日、修好通商 条約を結ぶためイギリス使節エルギン卿の 一行が江戸に上陸し、滞在したのがここ西 應寺(応安元年〈1368〉開創)です。エル ギンは日米修好通商条約をモデルとするこ とを決めていたため、幕府との交渉は順調 に進み、10日後の7月18日に西應寺で条 約が締結されました。イギリス使節の一行 には中国人やペットまでおり、寝る時は ベッドに蚊帳をつるしたそうです。エルギ ンは滞在中の様子について、「この快い隠 れ家は一方の側が寺院で、他のすべての側 は高く築いた堤で外界から隔離されてい た」と記し、同じく随員のオリファントは 「われわれの部屋は中庭の一画になってい た。そこは芝生の庭園で、中央に蓮に覆わ れた池があり、そこにひなびた橋で渡る小 島があった。とても大きな金魚が幅の広い 蓮の葉の下に物憂げに浮かんでいた」と述 べています(いずれも『エルギン卿遣日使 節録』岡田章雄訳)。

また、翌6年9月1日からオランダ公使 宿館がここに置かれました。書院および庫 裏の2階などが使われ、初代公使クルチウ スらが駐在しました。しかし、慶応3年 (1867)12月25日の薩摩藩邸焼き討ち事 件(→30ページ)の時、隣接していた西 應寺も砲火によって全焼し、オランダ公館 日誌などの貴重な資料が失われてしまいま した。

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引用文献

ドゥイツ・キエルト()・江戸・東京のデータ、出島から東京へ。2025年01月14日参照。(https://www.dejimatokyo.com/articles/25/edo-tokyo-data)

深く知る

Map of Yokohama, 1865

研究ノート
神奈川・横浜のデータ

神奈川と横浜のオランダ外交拠点。

Map of Osaka in 1868

研究ノート
兵庫・神戸・大阪のデータ

神戸と大阪のオランダ外交拠点。

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